Des tracés incisés ont été identifiés en 2014 et 2015 sur les murs du théâtre de Milet. Ces profils et élévations d’éléments architecturaux des phases impériales de l’édifice s’inscrivent dans un corpus qui compte aujourd’hui plus de cent trente épures et nous éclaire sur le dessin d’architecture et son usage sur les chantiers de construction dans l’Antiquité. À la lumière de ce corpus, on peut interpréter quelques épures de Milet : un ensemble de dessins dans l’hyposkènion, comprenant les moulures de (...) base et de couronnement du piédestal formant la tête du parapet de la cavea impériale (iie s. apr. J.‑C.) et une étude de fronton pour la première scaenae frons (ier s. apr. J.‑C.) ainsi qu’une représentation d’arcs de l’analemma Ouest (iie s. apr. J.‑C.) dans la partie basse de ce mur. Sont enfin présentés un inédit d’Ostroucha et une interprétation de deux dessins d’Aphrodisias jusqu'alors inexpliqués. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Road to Understanding and Acceptance of the Late Effects of Pediatric Brain Tumors and TreatmentJeanne CarlsonWe had little warning or time to adjust to our daughter’s diagnosis. A call from her third grade teacher reporting that Sarah seemed to be having vision problems rapidly led to eye exams, an MRI, and the discovery of a Germinoma brain tumor in the suprastellar region of Sarah’s brain. We were terrified (...) but began treatment feeling optimistic about the outlook for Sarah’s recovery. Luckily, Sarah’s treatment was relatively non–invasive and quick, chemotherapy and radiation, five months start to finish. We were thrilled to have Sarah’s treatment behind us.As any parent of a child with a life–threatening illness knows, family life is seriously disrupted by the countless doctor, lab, and hospital visits, the worry, and the financial strain that are suddenly added to the demands of everyday life. We did our best to balance our focus on both of our children as Sarah is a twin and we didn’t want her brother Will to suffer as a result of his sister’s illness. It wasn’t easy but we found a way to schedule Will’s usual play dates, baseball practice, and family time. We were all happy and relieved when Sarah’s treatment was completed, yet we would later learn that we had been incredibly naïve in two ways; we thought that our brain tumor journey was over after Sarah’s treatment was completed and we thought that we’d brought Will through the process without effect. We had a lot to learn.At the time of diagnosis we knew that Sarah’s memory and ability to express emotion had already been impacted by the tumor but we didn’t yet know what that would mean to her quality of life. We were virtually unaware however that at age nine the chemotherapy and radiation treatments that Sarah received would result in profound late effects. Following treatment Sarah successfully completed 3rd grade and even received excellent STAR test scores (California state standardized tests). In 4th grade however, Sarah’s performance began to diverge from that of her peers and she found herself struggling in school and unable to make friends. We began looking for ways to help our daughter.What followed was a five year long journey through testing, evaluations, individualized education plans (IEPs), and therapies, which, in the end, left our family needing to accept the fact that although Sarah remains intelligent and artistically talented, she suffers from a constellation of late effects that will always affect her ability to function in the world. As a result of Sarah’s tumor and treatment she struggles with Auditory Processing Disorder, word finding problems, poor executive function, inability to recognize how she feels, significant difficulty making decisions, inability to read social cues, poor memory, slow processing, an emotional age of about nine, and lots of anxiety. She is also panhypopituitary, meaning that she has no remaining pituitary function and must take replacement medications by pill and injection, has hypothalamic obesity (HO), which is primarily controlled by more medication, and Raynaud’s Disease. The HO is an ongoing challenge because if Sarah does gain weight she can’t lose it again and exercise is not an easy solution because, like many pediatric brain tumor survivors, Sarah is easily fatigued. Finally, although Sarah’s vision improved after treatment her vision loss is significant enough to prevent her from driving. We pieced together this understanding of Sarah’s challenges and disabilities slowly so it wasn’t until the end of our children’s middle school years that we finally accepted the magnitude of the damage caused by the tumor and treatment. Thereafter we changed our focus from what Sarah might achieve in life to how to support [End Page 21] her in the activities at which she still excels and how to keep her active, interested in life, and feeling good about herself.It would have been a huge gift if we had been provided with information about the possible late effects that can result from treating the brain of a 9–year–old... (shrink)

Dès le début du xixe siècle, Jeanne d’Arc connaît la célébrité dans toute l’Europe. Élevée au pinacle, installée au panthéon des Français, elle devient un sujet en or pour les compositeurs et leurs librettistes, parce qu’elle permet d’aborder les thèmes les plus divers, de l’héroïque au religieux en passant par le pastoral et le tragique. Elle fait l’objet de nombreuses mises en scène dans des genres musicaux aussi variés que l’opéra, l’opéra-comique, le ballet, la mélodie, la pantomime ou le (...) théâtre en musique. La question centrale qui se pose pour chaque compositeur est la suivante : comment représenter Jeanne d’Arc, cette « figure sublime »? Comment donner voix à une héroïne que l’on a vue sous tous les jours, tour à tour grandiloquente, simple et pieuse, puis égérie nationale avant de devenir sainte en 1920? Au travers d’une étude sur la voix donnée à Jeanne, dans deux œuvres majeures du répertoire qui lui a été consacré, Giovanna d’Arco de Verdi, créée à la Scala de Milan en 1845, et Jeanne d’Arc au Bûcher de Paul Claudel et Arthur Honegger, créée à Bâle en 1938, nous essaierons de déceler l’esprit d’une époque, et par là de mieux distinguer quelques-unes des facettes données à la Pucelle d’Orléans. (shrink)

Une saine colère est d’autant plus convaincante qu’elle s’exprime avec verve et humour. On peut remercier ceux qui l’ont suscitée quand leurs « impostures » nous valent non seulement un essai polémique réjouissant, mais aussi la réédition d’un très beau livre consacré à Jeanne d’Arc et paru il y a cinq ans. Colette Beaune traçait, en 2004, un magnifique portrait de Jeanne la Pucelle, dont les facettes renvoyaient aux différents modèles auxquels l’héroïne se conforma et aux filtres mentaux (...) pa... (shrink)

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’examiner la représentation de Jeanne d’Arc au théâtre de boulevard, à partir des deux pièces de la fin de siècle les plus connues sur le sujet: « Jeanne d’Arc » : l’une de Jules Barbier (avec une musique de Gounod, montée en 1890 au Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, avec Sarah Bernhardt dans le rôle de Jeanne), l’autre étant « Le Procès de Jeanne d’Arc » d’Émile Moreau (représentée au Théâtre Sarah-Bernhardt (...) en 1909, Sarah Bernhardt incarnant une nouvelle fois la Pucelle). Grâce à son talent, Sarah Bernhardt contribue à la fois à la commercialisation de la légende johannique et à favoriser un certain consensus autour de Jeanne. À travers ces deux pièces, les auteurs républicains et leur célèbre collaboratrice tentent de créer une image de Jeanne, « la sainte patriotique », image « au-delà de la politique », qui puisse être associée à la République aussi bien qu’à l’Église catholique. Mais le consensus autour de Jeanne est fragile. Sous l’unité de surface, apparaissent une série de querelles, non seulement sur la politique et l’identité nationale, mais aussi sur le genre, la culture de masse, le théâtre, et sur Sarah Bernhardt elle-même. (shrink)

A lower tendency to influence and be influenced by their social environment seems almost self-evident in autism. However, a closer look at differences and similarities between autistic and non-autistic individuals suggests that some basic mechanisms involved in social influence might be intact in autism, whereas atypical responses point to differences in more sophisticated recursive social strategies, such as reputation management.

In a national survey, members of 4As agencies were contrasted with non-member agencies to determine awareness and influence of the 4As Standards of Practice, the Professional Code of Ethics for 4As members. The 4As Code was selected because the 4As represents the principle professional association of the support service industry, advertising.

Estudos indicam que o estresse altera o sistema imune e pode influir na etiologia, progressão e severidade de doenças. A resiliência pode ser definida como a capacidade que algumas pessoas desenvolvem e as ajudam a passar por situações adversas na vida, a superá-las, e ainda a saírem fortalecidas ou..

La Giovanna di Bresson mette a fuoco la dialettica tra documenti storici e finzioni narrative: una riflessione attenta sul rapporto tra memoria e limiti insuperabili di ogni tentativo di rappresentazione.

En février 2019, la Congrégation pour l’éducation catholique publie « “Il les créa homme et femme”. Pour un chemin de dialogue sur la question du genre dans l’éducation », un tract qui prône « la centralité du corps » en tant que « subjectivité qui communique l’identité de l’être » et déclare que reconnaître l’existence et la validité des identités transgenres équivaut à « anéantir la nature » (p. 13-14). Autrement dit, les transidentités seraient un signe de la dépravation moderne, (...) et le ref... (shrink)

Cet article cherche à réfléchir sur la chronologie et les formes d’un féminisme en religion à travers le parcours de deux religieuses, sœur Jeanne d’Arc et sœur Françoise Vandermeersch, qui ont occupé des responsabilités éditoriales importantes dans les années soixante-huit en France. Il essaie de voir comment le Concile Vatican II (1959-1965) a permis l’émergence chez les deux femmes l’éclosion d’un féminisme avant sa progressive mise en sourdine dans le contexte de la crise catholique qui touche la société française.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a educação escolar no sistema prisional contemporâneo. Destacando os marcos legais e documentos oficiais que expressam e orientam o direito à educação nestes espaços não formais. Pensar a educação neste contexto é destacar a importância da educação para o processo transformador do ser humano, ou seja, a educação tem a função de promover a reintegração social do sujeito em situação de privação de liberdade. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho temos como abordagem qualitativa, (...) com o suporte das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Portanto, promover a acessibilidade da pessoa privada de liberdade, é promover não só a reintegração social via a educação, como promover o exercício da cidadania independente do fato julgado. Nestes termos, a educação escolar no sistema prisional tem sido um desafio para a reintegração social da pessoa privada de liberdade na contemporaneidade. (shrink)

This article synthesizes research presented in several models of unethical behavior to develop propositions about the factors that facilitate and mitigate deception in online business communications. The work expands the social network perspective to incorporate the medium of communication as a significant influence on deception. We go beyond existing models by developing seven propositions that identify how social network and issue moral intensity characteristics influence the probability of deception in online business communication in comparison to traditional communication channels. Remedies to (...) detect and discourage deception in online business networks are also offered, as well as limitations and future research directions. (shrink)

AimsThis study evaluates a protocol for early, routine ethics consultation for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support decision-making in the context of clinical uncertainty with the aim of mitigating ethical conflict and moral distress.MethodsWe conducted a single-site qualitative analysis of EC documentation for all patients receiving ECMO support from 15 August 2018 to 15 May 2019. Detailed analysis of 20 ethically complex cases with protracted ethics involvement identifies four key ethical domains: limits of prognostication, bridge to nowhere, burden of (...) treatment and system-level concerns. There are three subthemes: relevant contextual factors, the role of EC and observed outcomes. Content analysis of transcripts from interviews with 20 members of the multidisciplinary ECMO team yields supplemental data on providers’ perceptions of the impact of the early intervention protocol.ResultsLimited outcome data for ECMO, unclear indications for withdrawal, adverse effects of treatment and an obligation to attend to programme metrics present significant ethical challenges in the care of this patient population. Upstream EC mitigates ethical conflict by setting clear expectations about ECMO as a time limited trial, promoting consistent messaging among multiple services and supporting surrogate decision-makers. When ECMO becomes a ‘bridge to nowhere’, EC facilitates decision-making that respects patient values yet successfully sets limits on non-beneficial use of this novel therapy.ConclusionData from this study support the conclusion that ECMO poses unique ethical challenges that necessitate a standardised protocol for early, routine EC—at least while this medical technology is in its nascent stages. (shrink)

As a theory of skill acquisition, the instance theory of automatization posits that, after a period of training, algorithm‐based performance is replaced by retrieval‐based performance. This theory has been tested using alphabet‐arithmetic verification tasks (e.g., is A + 4 = E?), in which the equations are necessarily solved by counting at the beginning of practice but can be solved by memory retrieval after practice. A way to infer individuals’ strategies in this task was supposedly provided by the opportunistic‐stopping phenomenon, according (...) to which, if individuals use counting, they can take the opportunity to stop counting when a false equation associated with a letter preceding the true answer has to be verified (e.g., A + 4 = D). In this case, such within‐count equations would be rejected faster than false equations associated with letters following the true answers (e.g., A + 4 = F, i.e., outside‐of‐count equations). Conversely, the absence of opportunistic stopping would be the sign of retrieval. However, through a training experiment involving 19 adults, we show that opportunistic stopping is not a phenomenon that can be observed in the context of an alphabet‐arithmetic verification task. Moreover, we provide an explanation of how and why it was wrongly inferred in the past. These results and conclusions have important implications for learning theories because they demonstrate that a shift from counting to retrieval over training cannot be deduced from verification time differences between outside and within‐count equations in an alphabet‐arithmetic task. (shrink)

Traditional approaches to character education have been viewed by many educators as an attempt to establish self control within students to habituate them to prescribed behaviour and as nothing more than a ‘bits‐and‐pieces’ approach to moral education. While this is accurate for many character education programmes, integrated multi‐dimensional character education embraces both moral education and character formation. Students learn to identify and process social conventions within the core values of the school and community and have opportunities to learn practical reasoning (...) skills in schools where character education is integrated into all aspects of the schooling process. Reported in this article are several studies, including two large‐scale experimental investigations, that show integrated character education results in an improved school environment, student pro‐social and moral behaviour, and reading and maths test scores. Schools become more caring communities; student discipline referrals drop significantly, particularly in areas related to bullying behaviour; and test scores in moderately achieving schools increase nearly 50%. (shrink)

19 janvier 2016 L’intérêt accru porté, depuis les années 2000 en France, aux questionnements réflexifs et à la méthodologie en sciences sociales succède à une longue phase d’invisibilisation des pratiques de l’enquête dans la littérature ethnologique, et surtout sociologique. L’ouvrage qui regroupe dix contributions d’ethnologues et de sociologues examine précisément ces façons de faire du terrain, en mettant en lumière leur dimension sexuée, autrement dit en questionnant l’impact du sexe et...

Dans sa traduction partielle du Timée de Platon, Cicéron traduit le terme grec οὐσία par aeternitas et materia. Ces choix de traduction sont particulièrement intéressants à étudier puisqu’il n’existe pas de traduction fixe d’οὐσία en latin à l’époque de Cicéron – il n’est, en effet, pas à l’origine du néologisme essentia. Pourquoi Cicéron choisit-il deux termes latins pour traduire un même mot grec? Pourquoi deux mots si différents à la fois l’un de l’autre et du terme οὐσία? Quelle compréhension du (...) concept d’οὐσία, mais aussi du Timée, cette traduction induit-elle? Nous étudions dans cet article chacune des deux traductions latines et tentons de montrer que Cicéron est influencé par le contexte dans ses choix de traduction. Dans le « prélude » du discours de Timée, il traduit οὐσία par aeternitas lorsqu’il considère que le terme grec, opposé à γένεσις, correspond au participe substantivé τὸ ὂν ἀεί, γένεσιν δὲ οὐκ ἔχον. En traduisant οὐσία par aeternitas en 29c3, il fait du sème de l’éternité une caractéristique discriminante d’οὐσία, qui correspond également au modèle intelligible du monde. Dans le cas de materia, le mot latin traduit l’οὐσία dans le cadre du mélange de l’âme du monde par le démiurge dans un cratère. Cicéron choisit le terme materia qui sert généralement, en contexte philosophique, à désigner une matière disponible pour prendre la forme qu’on veut lui donner, selon différentes doctrines. Nous tentons de montrer que le contexte de la métaphore du mélange pousse Cicéron à considérer le terme οὐσία comme une « substance » qui entre dans la composition d’un mélange. Ces deux traductions d’οὐσία montrent que l’Arpinate choisit chacun des termes latins selon le sens précis qu’il donne à οὐσία, en fonction du contexte philosophique mais aussi en fonction du registre du discours. (shrink)

This article argues for the recovery and re-incorporation of lost voices and debates into the history of political thought by focusing on the issue of sovereignty. It begins by examining why such a narrow understanding of the canon has come to dominate the sub-discipline and argues for critical approaches that treat the past as a “contested terrain” rather than an unfolding plot. It then turns to early twentieth-century Britain as an example of an era when thinkers who have been largely (...) forgotten by today’s political theorists argued loudly about the future of state sovereignty. It next focuses on a 1916 exchange of essays entitled “The Nature of the State in View of Its External Relations” by Delisle Burns, Bertrand Russell, and G.D.H. Cole, as an example of some of the most innovative and radical ideas to emerge from the period. The article concludes by arguing that re-engaging the work of these forgotten thinkers can broaden our conceptual horizons about sovereignty, speak to some of the most urgent issues of our time, and force open the concept of “the political” to radical reinterpretation. (shrink)

L’écoféminisme repose sur l’idée qu’il existe d’étroites « connexions » entre la domination des femmes et la domination de la nature : malgré leur apparente hétérogénéité, ces deux phénomènes convergeraient en une seule et même « matrice de domination ». C’est une telle thèse que nous souhaitons explorer ici : quel peut bien être ce « système » qui les relie en un tout? Comment penser les liens entre les différents axes de domination, sans pour autant les confondre en une (...) unité indistincte? Notre lecture de l’écoféminisme s’articulera autour du concept de « carno-phallogocentrisme » forgé par Derrida, qui semble approprié pour nommer synthétiquement cette thèse. Quels sont le sens et la pertinence de ce concept? Que vise-t-il : un travers particulier à la civilisation occidentale ou une structure commune à toute culture, voire inhérente à la conscience humaine? En quoi éclaire-t-il non seulement les rapports de domination dénoncés, mais toute la tradition philosophique occidentale? L’enjeu sera d’évaluer l’ambition constamment affichée par l’écoféminisme de constituer un nouveau paradigme, susceptible de dépasser enfin le fond misogyne et écocide de la civilisation occidentale. Peut-on vraiment lire l’écoféminisme non pas comme un courant particulier au sein de la pensée occidentale, mais comme son renversement? (shrink)

Plusieurs sagesses démotiques de l’Égypte ancienne rédigées entre le ve et le ier siècle avant notre ère déconseillent à leur lecteur d’entretenir des relations sexuelles avec des femmes mariées. Si la perception négative de l’adultère est évidente dans les extraits étudiés, qu’en est-il du consentement des femmes? Est-il possible d’établir si ces relations étaient consenties ou non? L’analyse de la terminologie et du contexte des occurrences ainsi que la comparaison avec d’autres textes issus de la littérature démotique permettent à l’auteure (...) de souligner qu’en réalité, ce n’est pas le consentement des partenaires qui doit être interrogé mais la prise en compte de ce consentement par les auteurs des textes. Ces documents nous renseignent ainsi sur la perception de la sexualité féminine dans la société égyptienne aux époques tardives. (shrink)

Fessard, G. Jeanne Hersch, genèse d'une œuvre.--Muralt, A. de. Phénoménologie et métaphysique.--Philonenko, A. Leibniz et le platonisme.--Christoff, D. Représentation et décision dans la temporalité selon Kant.--Tilliette, X. De l'illusion au savoir, la philosophie.--Widmer, G. Variations kierkegaardiennes sur l'édifiant.--Dufour-Kowalska, G. L'imagination maîtresse de vérité.--Leyvraz, J.-P. Des noms.--Piguet, J.-C. Liberté esthétique et liberté éthique.--Schaerer, R. Le philosophe entre oui et non.--Scheurer, P.-B. Vues nouvelles sur la science du temps et l'histoire.--Starobinski, J. La littérature et l'irrationnel.--Aron, R. De la libéralisation.--Werner, E. La (...) digue et la vie.--Cottier, G. La fascination du vide, éléments pour un diagnostic. (shrink)

“When Species Meet is a breathtaking meditation on the intersection between humankind and dog, philosophy and science, and macro and micro cultures.” —Cameron Woo, Publisher of Bark magazine In 2006, about 69 million U.S. households had pets, giving homes to around 73.9 million dogs, 90.5 million cats, and 16.6 million birds, and spending over $38 billion dollars on companion animals. As never before in history, our pets are truly members of the family. But the notion of “companion species”—knotted from human (...) beings, animals and other organisms, landscapes, and technologies—includes much more than “companion animals.” In When Species Meet, Donna J. Haraway digs into this larger phenomenon to contemplate the interactions of humans with many kinds of critters, especially with those called domestic. At the heart of the book are her experiences in agility training with her dogs Cayenne and Roland, but Haraway’s vision here also encompasses wolves, chickens, cats, baboons, sheep, microorganisms, and whales wearing video cameras. From designer pets to lab animals to trained therapy dogs, she deftly explores philosophical, cultural, and biological aspects of animal-human encounters. In this deeply personal yet intellectually groundbreaking work, Haraway develops the idea of companion species, those who meet and break bread together but not without some indigestion. “A great deal is at stake in such meetings,” she writes, “and outcomes are not guaranteed. There is no assured happy or unhappy ending—socially, ecologically, or scientifically. There is only the chance for getting on together with some grace.” Ultimately, she finds that respect, curiosity, and knowledge spring from animal-human associations and work powerfully against ideas about human exceptionalism. One of the founders of the posthumanities, Donna J. Haraway is professor in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Author of many books and widely read essays, including The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness and the now-classic essay “The Cyborg Manifesto,” she received the J. D. Bernal Prize in 2000, a lifetime achievement award from the Society for Social Studies in Science. (shrink)

Advanced directives and living wills have improved our ability to dictate end-of-life care, but even these cannot guarantee that we will be allowed the dignity of a natural death. Designed by two sisters-one a doctor, one a lawyer-and drawing on their decades of experience, the five-step Compassion Protocol outlined in A Better Way of Dying offers a simple and effective framework for leaving caretakers concrete, unambiguous, and legally binding instructions about your wishes for your last days. Meant for people in (...) every walk of life-from the elderly, to those in the early stages of mentally degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, to healthy young people planning for an unpredictable future-this book creates space for a discussion we all must have if we wish to ensure comfort and control at the end of our lives.." -- from publisher's website. (shrink)

En répondant à des demandes émanant des institutions impliquées dans le domaine de la santé, l’Inserm prolonge sa mission de recherche par une activité de diffusion et de partage des connaissances et participe à la réflexion sur les implications collectives de cette recherche. Aujourd’hui intégrée à l’Institut de santé publique dans le cadre de l’Alliance nationale pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé , l’activité d’expertise collective participe au plan stratégique 2010-2015 de l’Inserm : « l’expérience acquise (...) en matière d’expertise collective sera renforcée au service d’une politique active de mise à disposition des connaissances disponibles pour l’aide à la décision des acteurs du système de santé et l’information des citoyens ».In response to demand from the institutions involved in public health, Inserm has taken its research mission further by becoming involved in knowledge sharing and dissemination and in discussions on the implications of its research for society. Now working as a member of the Public Health Institute through the National Alliance for Life and Health Sciences , INSERM’s collective expert studies are contributing to its strategic plan for 2010-2015: “the experience gained in collectively developed expert studies will be strengthened to serve an active policy for delivering available knowledge to support decision-making in the public health system and citizens’ information”. (shrink)